Endless running package using a proxy

I have a package which runs fine, when I execute it with my account (e.g. double-click on the .dtsx file and run it).

Now I would like to establish a job, which starts the package. I created first a credential for my Account (which is a domain administrator account also for the box, where SQL Server is running on), then I defined a proxy to this credential.

In the job definition I changed the Run as... to this Proxy (it is a SSIS Proxy) and then I started the job.

Th job does NOT abend, it runs forever! So I have to stop it manually.

In the log I can see as last entry : "operation complete". It stops at a "Execute process task" where I call the bcp utility.

Does anyone has an idea, why a package can run forever?!?!

Regards

Norbert

Sorry, it is not the package running forever (it logged "operation complete) but the job does not stop.

In addition I would like to add another information. I tested the package also as CmdExec Call (dtexec ....) but the result is still the same.

Regards

Norbert Bender

Encryption of SQL Queries

Hi.

I am running SQL select queries over a network from a SQL Server to a mySQL server by creating a linked server.

I need data to be encrypted (nothing heavy), but some form of encryption over the network as it exits the firewall.

Any help appreciated.

Karloi'm no expert with sql server. but i am pritty good with using Windows networking. i think in this case you might wanna check out IPSec deployment. it would be the most secure option. the Windows 2003 site has alot of docs on ipsec. also to some extent i think ssl might work too but i'm not sure|||

Karlo S wrote:

Hi.

I am running SQL select queries over a network from a SQL Server to a mySQL server by creating a linked server.

I need data to be encrypted (nothing heavy), but some form of encryption over the network as it exits the firewall.

Any help appreciated.

Karlo

Natively with SQL you can utilise certificates to achieve this, or indeed IPSec if your mySQL server supports it, and if both servers were SQL 2005 MS might suggest using HTTP endpoints.
However you mentioned firewalls, and I would recommend that you implement a firewall to firewall VPN between your network and the destination network containing the mySQL. This simpifies things greatly, and requires no config on either database server.

Encryption of SQL Queries

Hi.

I am running SQL select queries over a network from a SQL Server to a mySQL server by creating a linked server.

I need data to be encrypted (nothing heavy), but some form of encryption over the network as it exits the firewall.

Any help appreciated.

Karloi'm no expert with sql server. but i am pritty good with using Windows networking. i think in this case you might wanna check out IPSec deployment. it would be the most secure option. the Windows 2003 site has alot of docs on ipsec. also to some extent i think ssl might work too but i'm not sure|||

Karlo S wrote:

Hi.

I am running SQL select queries over a network from a SQL Server to a mySQL server by creating a linked server.

I need data to be encrypted (nothing heavy), but some form of encryption over the network as it exits the firewall.

Any help appreciated.

Karlo

Natively with SQL you can utilise certificates to achieve this, or indeed IPSec if your mySQL server supports it, and if both servers were SQL 2005 MS might suggest using HTTP endpoints.
However you mentioned firewalls, and I would recommend that you implement a firewall to firewall VPN between your network and the destination network containing the mySQL. This simpifies things greatly, and requires no config on either database server.sql

Encryption Not Supported Error

When running .Net apps against a local SQL Server (2000, SP3) I get the following error:
Connection failed:
ConnectionOpen (PreLoginHandshake())
Connection failed
Encryption not supported on SQL Server
Any help will be greatly appreciated.
Thanks
Hi,
Refer
INF: How SQL Server Uses a Certificate When the Force Protocol Encryption
Option is Set On
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?id=318605
HOW TO: Enable SSL Encryption for SQL Server 2000 with Certificate Server
http://support.microsoft.com/?id=276553
Dinesh
SQL Server MVP
--
SQL Server FAQ at
http://www.tkdinesh.com
"Footix" <anonymous@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news:CAD808CD-CA74-4C15-B34C-88377C0D8200@.microsoft.com...
> When running .Net apps against a local SQL Server (2000, SP3) I get the
following error:
> Connection failed:
> ConnectionOpen (PreLoginHandshake())
> Connection failed
> Encryption not supported on SQL Server
> Any help will be greatly appreciated.
> Thanks
sql

Encryption Not Supported Error

When running .Net apps against a local SQL Server (2000, SP3) I get the foll
owing error:
Connection failed:
ConnectionOpen (PreLoginHandshake())
Connection failed
Encryption not supported on SQL Server
Any help will be greatly appreciated.
ThanksHi,
Refer
INF: How SQL Server Uses a Certificate When the Force Protocol Encryption
Option is Set On
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?id=318605
HOW TO: Enable SSL Encryption for SQL Server 2000 with Certificate Server
http://support.microsoft.com/?id=276553
Dinesh
SQL Server MVP
--
--
SQL Server FAQ at
http://www.tkdinesh.com
"Footix" <anonymous@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news:CAD808CD-CA74-4C15-B34C-88377C0D8200@.microsoft.com...
> When running .Net apps against a local SQL Server (2000, SP3) I get the
following error:
> Connection failed:
> ConnectionOpen (PreLoginHandshake())
> Connection failed
> Encryption not supported on SQL Server
> Any help will be greatly appreciated.
> Thanks

Encryption Example

I am running through a great 2005 Encryption example at the following link:
http://blogs.msdn.com/lcris/archive/2005/12/16/504692.aspx
I keep running into one problem though. When I execute the following at
this link
"open symmetric key Doc2Key DECRYPTION BY certificate Doc2cert"
I get the following error
"Msg 156, Level 15, State 1, Line 2
Incorrect syntax near the keyword 'BY'."
Anybody have any idea what is going on?Below code (taken from Books Online) gives me a "proper" error message:
OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY SymKeyMarketing3
DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE MarketingCert9;
Server: Msg 15151, Level 16, State 1, Line 1
Cannot find the symmetric key 'SymKeyMarketing3', because it does not exist or you do not have
permission.
Perhaps the compatibility level for your database is lower than 90?
--
Tibor Karaszi, SQL Server MVP
http://www.karaszi.com/sqlserver/default.asp
http://www.solidqualitylearning.com/
"CLM" <CLM@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news:382B3A15-06A0-4C0B-A962-047D67FC8EDA@.microsoft.com...
>I am running through a great 2005 Encryption example at the following link:
> http://blogs.msdn.com/lcris/archive/2005/12/16/504692.aspx
> I keep running into one problem though. When I execute the following at
> this link
> "open symmetric key Doc2Key DECRYPTION BY certificate Doc2cert"
> I get the following error
> "Msg 156, Level 15, State 1, Line 2
> Incorrect syntax near the keyword 'BY'."
> Anybody have any idea what is going on?
>
>|||Thx for the idea, but it is 90.
"Tibor Karaszi" wrote:
> Below code (taken from Books Online) gives me a "proper" error message:
> OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY SymKeyMarketing3
> DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE MarketingCert9;
> Server: Msg 15151, Level 16, State 1, Line 1
> Cannot find the symmetric key 'SymKeyMarketing3', because it does not exist or you do not have
> permission.
> Perhaps the compatibility level for your database is lower than 90?
> --
> Tibor Karaszi, SQL Server MVP
> http://www.karaszi.com/sqlserver/default.asp
> http://www.solidqualitylearning.com/
>
> "CLM" <CLM@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
> news:382B3A15-06A0-4C0B-A962-047D67FC8EDA@.microsoft.com...
> >I am running through a great 2005 Encryption example at the following link:
> > http://blogs.msdn.com/lcris/archive/2005/12/16/504692.aspx
> > I keep running into one problem though. When I execute the following at
> > this link
> > "open symmetric key Doc2Key DECRYPTION BY certificate Doc2cert"
> > I get the following error
> > "Msg 156, Level 15, State 1, Line 2
> > Incorrect syntax near the keyword 'BY'."
> > Anybody have any idea what is going on?
> >
> >
> >
>|||Are you running the release version of SQL Server 2005? This syntax was
different in some of the CTP versions.
--
This posting is provided "AS IS" with no warranties, and confers no rights.
Use of included script samples are subject to the terms specified at
http://www.microsoft.com/info/cpyright.htm
"CLM" <CLM@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news:382B3A15-06A0-4C0B-A962-047D67FC8EDA@.microsoft.com...
>I am running through a great 2005 Encryption example at the following link:
> http://blogs.msdn.com/lcris/archive/2005/12/16/504692.aspx
> I keep running into one problem though. When I execute the following at
> this link
> "open symmetric key Doc2Key DECRYPTION BY certificate Doc2cert"
> I get the following error
> "Msg 156, Level 15, State 1, Line 2
> Incorrect syntax near the keyword 'BY'."
> Anybody have any idea what is going on?
>
>|||No. I had just thought of that and noticed that I was on Beta 2. We've got
an MSDN subscription, so I'll get the latest and greatest. Thx.
"Roger Wolter[MSFT]" wrote:
> Are you running the release version of SQL Server 2005? This syntax was
> different in some of the CTP versions.
> --
> This posting is provided "AS IS" with no warranties, and confers no rights.
> Use of included script samples are subject to the terms specified at
> http://www.microsoft.com/info/cpyright.htm
> "CLM" <CLM@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
> news:382B3A15-06A0-4C0B-A962-047D67FC8EDA@.microsoft.com...
> >I am running through a great 2005 Encryption example at the following link:
> > http://blogs.msdn.com/lcris/archive/2005/12/16/504692.aspx
> > I keep running into one problem though. When I execute the following at
> > this link
> > "open symmetric key Doc2Key DECRYPTION BY certificate Doc2cert"
> > I get the following error
> > "Msg 156, Level 15, State 1, Line 2
> > Incorrect syntax near the keyword 'BY'."
> > Anybody have any idea what is going on?
> >
> >
> >
>
>

Encryption Example

I am running through a great 2005 Encryption example at the following link:
http://blogs.msdn.com/lcris/archive.../16/504692.aspx
I keep running into one problem though. When I execute the following at
this link
"open symmetric key Doc2Key DECRYPTION BY certificate Doc2cert"
I get the following error
"Msg 156, Level 15, State 1, Line 2
Incorrect syntax near the keyword 'BY'."
Anybody have any idea what is going on?Below code (taken from Books Online) gives me a "proper" error message:
OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY SymKeyMarketing3
DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE MarketingCert9;
Server: Msg 15151, Level 16, State 1, Line 1
Cannot find the symmetric key 'SymKeyMarketing3', because it does not exist
or you do not have
permission.
Perhaps the compatibility level for your database is lower than 90?
Tibor Karaszi, SQL Server MVP
http://www.karaszi.com/sqlserver/default.asp
http://www.solidqualitylearning.com/
"CLM" <CLM@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news:382B3A15-06A0-4C0B-A962-047D67FC8EDA@.microsoft.com...
>I am running through a great 2005 Encryption example at the following link:
> http://blogs.msdn.com/lcris/archive.../16/504692.aspx
> I keep running into one problem though. When I execute the following at
> this link
> "open symmetric key Doc2Key DECRYPTION BY certificate Doc2cert"
> I get the following error
> "Msg 156, Level 15, State 1, Line 2
> Incorrect syntax near the keyword 'BY'."
> Anybody have any idea what is going on?
>
>|||Thx for the idea, but it is 90.
"Tibor Karaszi" wrote:

> Below code (taken from Books Online) gives me a "proper" error message:
> OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY SymKeyMarketing3
> DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE MarketingCert9;
> Server: Msg 15151, Level 16, State 1, Line 1
> Cannot find the symmetric key 'SymKeyMarketing3', because it does not exis
t or you do not have
> permission.
> Perhaps the compatibility level for your database is lower than 90?
> --
> Tibor Karaszi, SQL Server MVP
> http://www.karaszi.com/sqlserver/default.asp
> http://www.solidqualitylearning.com/
>
> "CLM" <CLM@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
> news:382B3A15-06A0-4C0B-A962-047D67FC8EDA@.microsoft.com...
>|||Are you running the release version of SQL Server 2005? This syntax was
different in some of the CTP versions.
This posting is provided "AS IS" with no warranties, and confers no rights.
Use of included script samples are subject to the terms specified at
http://www.microsoft.com/info/cpyright.htm
"CLM" <CLM@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news:382B3A15-06A0-4C0B-A962-047D67FC8EDA@.microsoft.com...
>I am running through a great 2005 Encryption example at the following link:
> http://blogs.msdn.com/lcris/archive.../16/504692.aspx
> I keep running into one problem though. When I execute the following at
> this link
> "open symmetric key Doc2Key DECRYPTION BY certificate Doc2cert"
> I get the following error
> "Msg 156, Level 15, State 1, Line 2
> Incorrect syntax near the keyword 'BY'."
> Anybody have any idea what is going on?
>
>|||No. I had just thought of that and noticed that I was on Beta 2. We've got
an MSDN subscription, so I'll get the latest and greatest. Thx.
"Roger Wolter[MSFT]" wrote:

> Are you running the release version of SQL Server 2005? This syntax was
> different in some of the CTP versions.
> --
> This posting is provided "AS IS" with no warranties, and confers no rights
.
> Use of included script samples are subject to the terms specified at
> http://www.microsoft.com/info/cpyright.htm
> "CLM" <CLM@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
> news:382B3A15-06A0-4C0B-A962-047D67FC8EDA@.microsoft.com...
>
>|||Below code (taken from Books Online) gives me a "proper" error message:
OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY SymKeyMarketing3
DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE MarketingCert9;
Server: Msg 15151, Level 16, State 1, Line 1
Cannot find the symmetric key 'SymKeyMarketing3', because it does not exist
or you do not have
permission.
Perhaps the compatibility level for your database is lower than 90?
Tibor Karaszi, SQL Server MVP
http://www.karaszi.com/sqlserver/default.asp
http://www.solidqualitylearning.com/
"CLM" <CLM@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news:382B3A15-06A0-4C0B-A962-047D67FC8EDA@.microsoft.com...
>I am running through a great 2005 Encryption example at the following link:
> http://blogs.msdn.com/lcris/archive.../16/504692.aspx
> I keep running into one problem though. When I execute the following at
> this link
> "open symmetric key Doc2Key DECRYPTION BY certificate Doc2cert"
> I get the following error
> "Msg 156, Level 15, State 1, Line 2
> Incorrect syntax near the keyword 'BY'."
> Anybody have any idea what is going on?
>
>|||Thx for the idea, but it is 90.
"Tibor Karaszi" wrote:

> Below code (taken from Books Online) gives me a "proper" error message:
> OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY SymKeyMarketing3
> DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE MarketingCert9;
> Server: Msg 15151, Level 16, State 1, Line 1
> Cannot find the symmetric key 'SymKeyMarketing3', because it does not exis
t or you do not have
> permission.
> Perhaps the compatibility level for your database is lower than 90?
> --
> Tibor Karaszi, SQL Server MVP
> http://www.karaszi.com/sqlserver/default.asp
> http://www.solidqualitylearning.com/
>
> "CLM" <CLM@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
> news:382B3A15-06A0-4C0B-A962-047D67FC8EDA@.microsoft.com...
>|||Are you running the release version of SQL Server 2005? This syntax was
different in some of the CTP versions.
This posting is provided "AS IS" with no warranties, and confers no rights.
Use of included script samples are subject to the terms specified at
http://www.microsoft.com/info/cpyright.htm
"CLM" <CLM@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news:382B3A15-06A0-4C0B-A962-047D67FC8EDA@.microsoft.com...
>I am running through a great 2005 Encryption example at the following link:
> http://blogs.msdn.com/lcris/archive.../16/504692.aspx
> I keep running into one problem though. When I execute the following at
> this link
> "open symmetric key Doc2Key DECRYPTION BY certificate Doc2cert"
> I get the following error
> "Msg 156, Level 15, State 1, Line 2
> Incorrect syntax near the keyword 'BY'."
> Anybody have any idea what is going on?
>
>|||No. I had just thought of that and noticed that I was on Beta 2. We've got
an MSDN subscription, so I'll get the latest and greatest. Thx.
"Roger Wolter[MSFT]" wrote:

> Are you running the release version of SQL Server 2005? This syntax was
> different in some of the CTP versions.
> --
> This posting is provided "AS IS" with no warranties, and confers no rights
.
> Use of included script samples are subject to the terms specified at
> http://www.microsoft.com/info/cpyright.htm
> "CLM" <CLM@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
> news:382B3A15-06A0-4C0B-A962-047D67FC8EDA@.microsoft.com...
>
>sql

Encryption and SSL Question

I am running MS 2003 Server with SQL Server 2000 including SP4 which I
installed yesterday. In addition, I have also installed SOAP Toolkit 3.0,
SQLXML 3.0 SP3 and SQLNS 2.0 SP1...not sure how much of this is relavent to
my question...
I am designing a web-page which sits behind an SSL...how do I encrypt my
data...i am accepting credit card and banking account information on this
page and then want to have a secure email sent to my outlook....so really
two questions here..
1. how do I encrypt data?
2. how do I send secure and/or encrypted email?
thanks
Doesn't sound like it's a SQL Server issue here.
With SQL Server 2000, you'll need a 3rd party solution (Protegrity seems to
be a popular one) to encrypt data inside the database. SQL Server 2005 will
have encryption capabilities built in.
Network packet encryption is a "turn on/off" switch from the network
configuration utility.
Encrypting emails and SSL are not really tied to the database.
Did I misunderstand your question?
joe.
"SQL Brad" <SQLBrad@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news:F7988D30-6E33-4E8C-AEE5-A0031952AE43@.microsoft.com...
>I am running MS 2003 Server with SQL Server 2000 including SP4 which I
> installed yesterday. In addition, I have also installed SOAP Toolkit 3.0,
> SQLXML 3.0 SP3 and SQLNS 2.0 SP1...not sure how much of this is relavent
> to
> my question...
> I am designing a web-page which sits behind an SSL...how do I encrypt my
> data...i am accepting credit card and banking account information on this
> page and then want to have a secure email sent to my outlook....so really
> two questions here..
> 1. how do I encrypt data?
> 2. how do I send secure and/or encrypted email?
> thanks
|||Joe,
Thanks for your response...
I was told from a developer that I can build a SQL database and the contents
inside could be encrypted. I am looking for the 'easiest, cheapest, safest'
way to store banking information from my web-page into the db.
I should have made the email portion separate also. On that note, I would
like to write a stored procedure or use SQL-NS to tell me that a a'payment'
has been made and then an email (secure using TLS, or TSL?) could be sent
out. does that make sense?
thanks for your help
"Joe Yong" wrote:

> Doesn't sound like it's a SQL Server issue here.
> With SQL Server 2000, you'll need a 3rd party solution (Protegrity seems to
> be a popular one) to encrypt data inside the database. SQL Server 2005 will
> have encryption capabilities built in.
> Network packet encryption is a "turn on/off" switch from the network
> configuration utility.
> Encrypting emails and SSL are not really tied to the database.
> Did I misunderstand your question?
>
> joe.
>
> "SQL Brad" <SQLBrad@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
> news:F7988D30-6E33-4E8C-AEE5-A0031952AE43@.microsoft.com...
>
>
|||Hi
SQL Server 2000 will not encrypt it. You would have to do it in code.
SQL Server 2005 (in Beta) supports column level encryption.
Regards
Mike Epprecht, Microsoft SQL Server MVP
Zurich, Switzerland
IM: mike@.epprecht.net
MVP Program: http://www.microsoft.com/mvp
Blog: http://www.msmvps.com/epprecht/
"SQL Brad" <SQLBrad@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news:512AED76-DB94-45EB-AC6A-C1BD46A40642@.microsoft.com...[vbcol=seagreen]
> Joe,
> Thanks for your response...
> I was told from a developer that I can build a SQL database and the
> contents
> inside could be encrypted. I am looking for the 'easiest, cheapest,
> safest'
> way to store banking information from my web-page into the db.
> I should have made the email portion separate also. On that note, I would
> like to write a stored procedure or use SQL-NS to tell me that a
> a'payment'
> has been made and then an email (secure using TLS, or TSL?) could be sent
> out. does that make sense?
> thanks for your help
> "Joe Yong" wrote:
|||You could use the encryption native to Windows to encrypt the FILE on disk
but it won't stop anyone from viewing the data if they get access to your
database. It only comes in handy if someone gets hold of the file. You will
need to encrypt the file using the account that runs SQL Server.
"SQL Brad" wrote:
[vbcol=seagreen]
> Joe,
> Thanks for your response...
> I was told from a developer that I can build a SQL database and the contents
> inside could be encrypted. I am looking for the 'easiest, cheapest, safest'
> way to store banking information from my web-page into the db.
> I should have made the email portion separate also. On that note, I would
> like to write a stored procedure or use SQL-NS to tell me that a a'payment'
> has been made and then an email (secure using TLS, or TSL?) could be sent
> out. does that make sense?
> thanks for your help
> "Joe Yong" wrote:
sql

Encryption and SSL Question

I am running MS 2003 Server with SQL Server 2000 including SP4 which I
installed yesterday. In addition, I have also installed SOAP Toolkit 3.0,
SQLXML 3.0 SP3 and SQLNS 2.0 SP1...not sure how much of this is relavent to
my question...
I am designing a web-page which sits behind an SSL...how do I encrypt my
data...i am accepting credit card and banking account information on this
page and then want to have a secure email sent to my outlook....so really
two questions here..
1. how do I encrypt data?
2. how do I send secure and/or encrypted email?
thanksDoesn't sound like it's a SQL Server issue here.
With SQL Server 2000, you'll need a 3rd party solution (Protegrity seems to
be a popular one) to encrypt data inside the database. SQL Server 2005 will
have encryption capabilities built in.
Network packet encryption is a "turn on/off" switch from the network
configuration utility.
Encrypting emails and SSL are not really tied to the database.
Did I misunderstand your question?
joe.
"SQL Brad" <SQLBrad@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news:F7988D30-6E33-4E8C-AEE5-A0031952AE43@.microsoft.com...
>I am running MS 2003 Server with SQL Server 2000 including SP4 which I
> installed yesterday. In addition, I have also installed SOAP Toolkit 3.0,
> SQLXML 3.0 SP3 and SQLNS 2.0 SP1...not sure how much of this is relavent
> to
> my question...
> I am designing a web-page which sits behind an SSL...how do I encrypt my
> data...i am accepting credit card and banking account information on this
> page and then want to have a secure email sent to my outlook....so really
> two questions here..
> 1. how do I encrypt data?
> 2. how do I send secure and/or encrypted email?
> thanks|||Joe,
Thanks for your response...
I was told from a developer that I can build a SQL database and the contents
inside could be encrypted. I am looking for the 'easiest, cheapest, safest'
way to store banking information from my web-page into the db.
I should have made the email portion separate also. On that note, I would
like to write a stored procedure or use SQL-NS to tell me that a a'payment'
has been made and then an email (secure using TLS, or TSL') could be sent
out. does that make sense?
thanks for your help
"Joe Yong" wrote:

> Doesn't sound like it's a SQL Server issue here.
> With SQL Server 2000, you'll need a 3rd party solution (Protegrity seems t
o
> be a popular one) to encrypt data inside the database. SQL Server 2005 wil
l
> have encryption capabilities built in.
> Network packet encryption is a "turn on/off" switch from the network
> configuration utility.
> Encrypting emails and SSL are not really tied to the database.
> Did I misunderstand your question?
>
> joe.
>
> "SQL Brad" <SQLBrad@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
> news:F7988D30-6E33-4E8C-AEE5-A0031952AE43@.microsoft.com...
>
>|||Hi
SQL Server 2000 will not encrypt it. You would have to do it in code.
SQL Server 2005 (in Beta) supports column level encryption.
Regards
--
Mike Epprecht, Microsoft SQL Server MVP
Zurich, Switzerland
IM: mike@.epprecht.net
MVP Program: http://www.microsoft.com/mvp
Blog: http://www.msmvps.com/epprecht/
"SQL Brad" <SQLBrad@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news:512AED76-DB94-45EB-AC6A-C1BD46A40642@.microsoft.com...[vbcol=seagreen]
> Joe,
> Thanks for your response...
> I was told from a developer that I can build a SQL database and the
> contents
> inside could be encrypted. I am looking for the 'easiest, cheapest,
> safest'
> way to store banking information from my web-page into the db.
> I should have made the email portion separate also. On that note, I would
> like to write a stored procedure or use SQL-NS to tell me that a
> a'payment'
> has been made and then an email (secure using TLS, or TSL') could be sent
> out. does that make sense?
> thanks for your help
> "Joe Yong" wrote:
>|||You could use the encryption native to Windows to encrypt the FILE on disk
but it won't stop anyone from viewing the data if they get access to your
database. It only comes in handy if someone gets hold of the file. You will
need to encrypt the file using the account that runs SQL Server.
"SQL Brad" wrote:
[vbcol=seagreen]
> Joe,
> Thanks for your response...
> I was told from a developer that I can build a SQL database and the conten
ts
> inside could be encrypted. I am looking for the 'easiest, cheapest, safes
t'
> way to store banking information from my web-page into the db.
> I should have made the email portion separate also. On that note, I would
> like to write a stored procedure or use SQL-NS to tell me that a a'payment
'
> has been made and then an email (secure using TLS, or TSL') could be sent
> out. does that make sense?
> thanks for your help
> "Joe Yong" wrote:
>

Encryption and SSL Question

I am running MS 2003 Server with SQL Server 2000 including SP4 which I
installed yesterday. In addition, I have also installed SOAP Toolkit 3.0,
SQLXML 3.0 SP3 and SQLNS 2.0 SP1...not sure how much of this is relavent to
my question...
I am designing a web-page which sits behind an SSL...how do I encrypt my
data...i am accepting credit card and banking account information on this
page and then want to have a secure email sent to my outlook....so really
two questions here..
1. how do I encrypt data?
2. how do I send secure and/or encrypted email?
thanksDoesn't sound like it's a SQL Server issue here.
With SQL Server 2000, you'll need a 3rd party solution (Protegrity seems to
be a popular one) to encrypt data inside the database. SQL Server 2005 will
have encryption capabilities built in.
Network packet encryption is a "turn on/off" switch from the network
configuration utility.
Encrypting emails and SSL are not really tied to the database.
Did I misunderstand your question?
joe.
"SQL Brad" <SQLBrad@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news:F7988D30-6E33-4E8C-AEE5-A0031952AE43@.microsoft.com...
>I am running MS 2003 Server with SQL Server 2000 including SP4 which I
> installed yesterday. In addition, I have also installed SOAP Toolkit 3.0,
> SQLXML 3.0 SP3 and SQLNS 2.0 SP1...not sure how much of this is relavent
> to
> my question...
> I am designing a web-page which sits behind an SSL...how do I encrypt my
> data...i am accepting credit card and banking account information on this
> page and then want to have a secure email sent to my outlook....so really
> two questions here..
> 1. how do I encrypt data?
> 2. how do I send secure and/or encrypted email?
> thanks|||Joe,
Thanks for your response...
I was told from a developer that I can build a SQL database and the contents
inside could be encrypted. I am looking for the 'easiest, cheapest, safest'
way to store banking information from my web-page into the db.
I should have made the email portion separate also. On that note, I would
like to write a stored procedure or use SQL-NS to tell me that a a'payment'
has been made and then an email (secure using TLS, or TSL') could be sent
out. does that make sense?
thanks for your help
"Joe Yong" wrote:
> Doesn't sound like it's a SQL Server issue here.
> With SQL Server 2000, you'll need a 3rd party solution (Protegrity seems to
> be a popular one) to encrypt data inside the database. SQL Server 2005 will
> have encryption capabilities built in.
> Network packet encryption is a "turn on/off" switch from the network
> configuration utility.
> Encrypting emails and SSL are not really tied to the database.
> Did I misunderstand your question?
>
> joe.
>
> "SQL Brad" <SQLBrad@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
> news:F7988D30-6E33-4E8C-AEE5-A0031952AE43@.microsoft.com...
> >I am running MS 2003 Server with SQL Server 2000 including SP4 which I
> > installed yesterday. In addition, I have also installed SOAP Toolkit 3.0,
> > SQLXML 3.0 SP3 and SQLNS 2.0 SP1...not sure how much of this is relavent
> > to
> > my question...
> >
> > I am designing a web-page which sits behind an SSL...how do I encrypt my
> > data...i am accepting credit card and banking account information on this
> > page and then want to have a secure email sent to my outlook....so really
> > two questions here..
> >
> > 1. how do I encrypt data?
> > 2. how do I send secure and/or encrypted email?
> >
> > thanks
>
>|||Hi
SQL Server 2000 will not encrypt it. You would have to do it in code.
SQL Server 2005 (in Beta) supports column level encryption.
Regards
--
Mike Epprecht, Microsoft SQL Server MVP
Zurich, Switzerland
IM: mike@.epprecht.net
MVP Program: http://www.microsoft.com/mvp
Blog: http://www.msmvps.com/epprecht/
"SQL Brad" <SQLBrad@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news:512AED76-DB94-45EB-AC6A-C1BD46A40642@.microsoft.com...
> Joe,
> Thanks for your response...
> I was told from a developer that I can build a SQL database and the
> contents
> inside could be encrypted. I am looking for the 'easiest, cheapest,
> safest'
> way to store banking information from my web-page into the db.
> I should have made the email portion separate also. On that note, I would
> like to write a stored procedure or use SQL-NS to tell me that a
> a'payment'
> has been made and then an email (secure using TLS, or TSL') could be sent
> out. does that make sense?
> thanks for your help
> "Joe Yong" wrote:
>> Doesn't sound like it's a SQL Server issue here.
>> With SQL Server 2000, you'll need a 3rd party solution (Protegrity seems
>> to
>> be a popular one) to encrypt data inside the database. SQL Server 2005
>> will
>> have encryption capabilities built in.
>> Network packet encryption is a "turn on/off" switch from the network
>> configuration utility.
>> Encrypting emails and SSL are not really tied to the database.
>> Did I misunderstand your question?
>>
>> joe.
>>
>> "SQL Brad" <SQLBrad@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
>> news:F7988D30-6E33-4E8C-AEE5-A0031952AE43@.microsoft.com...
>> >I am running MS 2003 Server with SQL Server 2000 including SP4 which I
>> > installed yesterday. In addition, I have also installed SOAP Toolkit
>> > 3.0,
>> > SQLXML 3.0 SP3 and SQLNS 2.0 SP1...not sure how much of this is
>> > relavent
>> > to
>> > my question...
>> >
>> > I am designing a web-page which sits behind an SSL...how do I encrypt
>> > my
>> > data...i am accepting credit card and banking account information on
>> > this
>> > page and then want to have a secure email sent to my outlook....so
>> > really
>> > two questions here..
>> >
>> > 1. how do I encrypt data?
>> > 2. how do I send secure and/or encrypted email?
>> >
>> > thanks
>>|||You could use the encryption native to Windows to encrypt the FILE on disk
but it won't stop anyone from viewing the data if they get access to your
database. It only comes in handy if someone gets hold of the file. You will
need to encrypt the file using the account that runs SQL Server.
"SQL Brad" wrote:
> Joe,
> Thanks for your response...
> I was told from a developer that I can build a SQL database and the contents
> inside could be encrypted. I am looking for the 'easiest, cheapest, safest'
> way to store banking information from my web-page into the db.
> I should have made the email portion separate also. On that note, I would
> like to write a stored procedure or use SQL-NS to tell me that a a'payment'
> has been made and then an email (secure using TLS, or TSL') could be sent
> out. does that make sense?
> thanks for your help
> "Joe Yong" wrote:
> > Doesn't sound like it's a SQL Server issue here.
> >
> > With SQL Server 2000, you'll need a 3rd party solution (Protegrity seems to
> > be a popular one) to encrypt data inside the database. SQL Server 2005 will
> > have encryption capabilities built in.
> >
> > Network packet encryption is a "turn on/off" switch from the network
> > configuration utility.
> >
> > Encrypting emails and SSL are not really tied to the database.
> >
> > Did I misunderstand your question?
> >
> >
> > joe.
> >
> >
> > "SQL Brad" <SQLBrad@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
> > news:F7988D30-6E33-4E8C-AEE5-A0031952AE43@.microsoft.com...
> > >I am running MS 2003 Server with SQL Server 2000 including SP4 which I
> > > installed yesterday. In addition, I have also installed SOAP Toolkit 3.0,
> > > SQLXML 3.0 SP3 and SQLNS 2.0 SP1...not sure how much of this is relavent
> > > to
> > > my question...
> > >
> > > I am designing a web-page which sits behind an SSL...how do I encrypt my
> > > data...i am accepting credit card and banking account information on this
> > > page and then want to have a secure email sent to my outlook....so really
> > > two questions here..
> > >
> > > 1. how do I encrypt data?
> > > 2. how do I send secure and/or encrypted email?
> > >
> > > thanks
> >
> >
> >

Encryption and SSL and Email

I am running MS 2003 Server with SQL Server 2000 including SP4 which I
installed yesterday. In addition, I have also installed SOAP Toolkit 3.0,
SQLXML 3.0 SP3 and SQLNS 2.0 SP1...not sure how much of this is relavent to
my question...
I am designing a web-page which sits behind an SSL...how do I encrypt my
data...i am accepting credit card and banking account information on this
page and then want to have a secure email sent to my outlook....so really
two questions here..
1. how do I encrypt data?
2. how do I send secure and/or encrypted email?
thanksConsider posting this question to security newsgroups. There are no inbuilt
data encrytion routines in SQL Server, so if will have to roll out your own
functions. You can utilize the Cryptography APIs to come up with your own.
Regarding the emails, AFAIK xp_sendmail cannot send encrypted emails from
SQL Server.
Anith

Encryption

Hi Guys,
We're currently running SQL Server 2000. We have just been instructed to
ensure that our data is encrypted whenever possible and I was wondering if
any of you could give me some advice about my various options.
I know SQL Server 2005 supports encryption, however, we have a huge amount
of legacy (hard coded classic ASP sql statements) that as far as I can see,
would all need to be updated in order to utilize the native encryption. Is
this the case? Is there a way to encrypt/decrypt a table when it is stored
on the file system as opposed to particular values within it?
We have also looked at the possibility of using EFS for the data storage
folders - has anyone used this before? Is it possible? Any advice on the
implications of this?
The best case scinario would obviously be to have a solution that does not
require us to make any changes to our existing code, but to ensure that the
data is held securely in the event of theft etc.
Any ideas would be really appreciated.
Kind Regards,
ChrisFor column-level encryption, there are lots of 3rd party options available.
Here's one with the perfect price:
http://www.sqlservercentral.com/col...oolkitpart1.asp
I understand others here have used EFS and other tools for file-level
encryption (haven't done so myself), but this might be a good starting
point: http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa302434.aspx
"Chris Evans" <ChrisEvans@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news:F1C1958E-7086-49E1-BCD0-952743FA0F0C@.microsoft.com...
> Hi Guys,
> We're currently running SQL Server 2000. We have just been instructed to
> ensure that our data is encrypted whenever possible and I was wondering if
> any of you could give me some advice about my various options.
> I know SQL Server 2005 supports encryption, however, we have a huge amount
> of legacy (hard coded classic ASP sql statements) that as far as I can
> see,
> would all need to be updated in order to utilize the native encryption.
> Is
> this the case? Is there a way to encrypt/decrypt a table when it is
> stored
> on the file system as opposed to particular values within it?
> We have also looked at the possibility of using EFS for the data storage
> folders - has anyone used this before? Is it possible? Any advice on the
> implications of this?
> The best case scinario would obviously be to have a solution that does not
> require us to make any changes to our existing code, but to ensure that
> the
> data is held securely in the event of theft etc.
> Any ideas would be really appreciated.
> Kind Regards,
>
> Chris

Encrypting mdf files

Hi,

We want to encrypt MS Sql Server data files - .mdf and .ldf with
logged in user certificate and make sure that MS Sql Server service
(running as Local System Account) can decrypt it.

Is it possible to encrypt data files with a certificate that resides
in logged in user's
cert store and also MS SQL Server Service 'service account's cert
store?

You can access 'service account's cert store through mmc -

Quote:

Originally Posted by

>Certificates Snap-in -Service account

Thanks,
rsm
---rsm (prakandapandit@.yahoo.com) writes:

Quote:

Originally Posted by

We want to encrypt MS Sql Server data files - .mdf and .ldf with
logged in user certificate and make sure that MS Sql Server service
(running as Local System Account) can decrypt it.
>
Is it possible to encrypt data files with a certificate that resides
in logged in user's
cert store and also MS SQL Server Service 'service account's cert
store?

No.

If you are using SQL 2005, there are encryption routines builtin,
so that you encrypt some columns. Keep in mind that encrypting key
columns will have a very serious impact on performance.

--
Erland Sommarskog, SQL Server MVP, esquel@.sommarskog.se
Books Online for SQL Server 2005 at
http://www.microsoft.com/technet/pr...oads/books.mspx
Books Online for SQL Server 2000 at
http://www.microsoft.com/sql/prodin...ions/books.mspx|||On 16 Feb, 04:16, "rsm" <prakandapan...@.yahoo.comwrote:

Quote:

Originally Posted by

Hi,
>
We want to encrypt MS Sql Server data files - .mdf and .ldf with
logged in user certificate and make sure that MS Sql Server service
(running as Local System Account) can decrypt it.
>
Is it possible to encrypt data files with a certificate that resides
in logged in user's
cert store and also MS SQL Server Service 'service account's cert
store?
>

No. Assuming you are using SQL Server 2005 you should read the
encryption topics in Books Online.

It is in principle possible to encrypt every bit of user data in a
database, but I can't think of any good reasons for wanting to do that
- and there are many good reasons why NOT to do it. Could you explain
a bit more about your requirements.

--
David Portas, SQL Server MVP

Whenever possible please post enough code to reproduce your problem.
Including CREATE TABLE and INSERT statements usually helps.
State what version of SQL Server you are using and specify the content
of any error messages.

SQL Server Books Online:
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/library/...US,SQL.90).aspx
--|||We are using SQL Server 2000.

We are trying to provide an encryption solution for SQL Server
database. ldf and mdf files are some thing we want to encrypt.

Problem is that if we encrypt using user cert, we need to run SQL
Server service as that user which works fine until user changes his
password. In this case, we have to some how automatically change SQL
Server service 'run as' user password. I was wondering if there is a
way to install user cert as service cert so SQL Server can decrypt the
ldf files on its own.|||"rsm" <prakandapandit@.yahoo.comwrote in message
news:1172172849.993451.142190@.t69g2000cwt.googlegr oups.com...

Quote:

Originally Posted by

We are using SQL Server 2000.
>
We are trying to provide an encryption solution for SQL Server
database. ldf and mdf files are some thing we want to encrypt.
>
Problem is that if we encrypt using user cert, we need to run SQL
Server service as that user which works fine until user changes his
password. In this case, we have to some how automatically change SQL
Server service 'run as' user password. I was wondering if there is a
way to install user cert as service cert so SQL Server can decrypt the
ldf files on its own.
>

There is no built-in encryption in SQL 2000, so I'm 99% sure the answer is
no.

Simple answer; the user SQL Server runs under shouldn't be changing its
password often and when it does, should go through a normal change
procedure.

--
Greg Moore
SQL Server DBA Consulting
sql (at) greenms.com http://www.greenms.com

Encrypting data within the DB

Hello,
I am running Microsoft SQL Server 2000 on a Windows 2000 Sever. I have
been working with SQL Server, Building ASp WebSites for many years now.
I am by no means an expert - nor have I had ANY formal training. So ebar
with me if my questions seem elementary...

I have some questions regarding sensitive data and encryption.

There is a project that is headed my way were the social security number
is being used as the unique identifier for an account. I have always
used as identity column as a unique identifier. What would be the pros
and cons of using the SSN as a unique identifier?

#1 How do I go about encrypting the number to store in the DB. Is this
done within SQL Server? Or before the data is inserted?

#2 Is it possible to use an encrypted field as a unique identifier?

My gut tells me to use the identity column , encrypt the SSN and not use
it as any part of an identifier.

Thank You for your Help.. Happy New Year!

Please Reply to the Newsgroup.

*** Sent via Developersdex http://www.developersdex.com ***
Don't just participate in USENET...get rewarded for it!It is not common but it is possible for a Social Security number to change
given time. It should certainly be a way for people to quickly find
individuals however I dont think it it should be a primary key --

As far as encryption goes check out the source code for the forums that are
available at www.webwizguide.com -- there is a very nice encryption system
built into the software that I have used many a time and I cant knock it --

"kimi" <kim@.kimmyXSPAMX.com> wrote in message
news:3ffd9826$0$70302$75868355@.news.frii.net...
> Hello,
> I am running Microsoft SQL Server 2000 on a Windows 2000 Sever. I have
> been working with SQL Server, Building ASp WebSites for many years now.
> I am by no means an expert - nor have I had ANY formal training. So ebar
> with me if my questions seem elementary...
> I have some questions regarding sensitive data and encryption.
> There is a project that is headed my way were the social security number
> is being used as the unique identifier for an account. I have always
> used as identity column as a unique identifier. What would be the pros
> and cons of using the SSN as a unique identifier?
> #1 How do I go about encrypting the number to store in the DB. Is this
> done within SQL Server? Or before the data is inserted?
> #2 Is it possible to use an encrypted field as a unique identifier?
> My gut tells me to use the identity column , encrypt the SSN and not use
> it as any part of an identifier.
> Thank You for your Help.. Happy New Year!
> Please Reply to the Newsgroup.
> *** Sent via Developersdex http://www.developersdex.com ***
> Don't just participate in USENET...get rewarded for it!|||"kimi" <kim@.kimmyXSPAMX.com> wrote in message
news:3ffd9826$0$70302$75868355@.news.frii.net...
> Hello,
> I am running Microsoft SQL Server 2000 on a Windows 2000 Sever. I have
> been working with SQL Server, Building ASp WebSites for many years now.
> I am by no means an expert - nor have I had ANY formal training. So ebar
> with me if my questions seem elementary...
> I have some questions regarding sensitive data and encryption.
> There is a project that is headed my way were the social security number
> is being used as the unique identifier for an account. I have always
> used as identity column as a unique identifier. What would be the pros
> and cons of using the SSN as a unique identifier?
> #1 How do I go about encrypting the number to store in the DB. Is this
> done within SQL Server? Or before the data is inserted?
> #2 Is it possible to use an encrypted field as a unique identifier?
> My gut tells me to use the identity column , encrypt the SSN and not use
> it as any part of an identifier.
> Thank You for your Help.. Happy New Year!
> Please Reply to the Newsgroup.
> *** Sent via Developersdex http://www.developersdex.com ***
> Don't just participate in USENET...get rewarded for it!

1. There is no built-in encryption mechanism in MSSQL, but there are a
number of third-party products available:

http://www.sqlsecurity.com/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=22

Alternatively, use the Windows CrpytoAPI from your front end application to
encrpyt/decrypt as you access the data, so the database only ever stores the
encrypted value.

2. Any column which has guaranteed unique values could be a key, but your
encryption solution might produce something unsuitable, such as a very long
value which would be awkward to work with.

Personally, I would go with your proposed solution, and avoid the SSN as a
key. For example, if your solution ever goes international, then basing
everything on an SSN will suddenly become an issue. An artificial key of
some sort is a useful solution. But ultimately you have to decide based on
your requirements.

Simon|||>As far as encryption goes check out the source code for >the forums
that are
>available at www.webwizguide.com -- there is a very nice >encryption
system
>built into the software that I have used many a time and I >cant knock
it --

Thank you for the link above. I will check this out first chance I get.
I am somewhat familiar with this forum. Thanks.

Please Reply to the Newsgroups..

*** Sent via Developersdex http://www.developersdex.com ***
Don't just participate in USENET...get rewarded for it!|||>but there are a number of third-party products available:
>http://www.sqlsecurity.com/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=22

Have you used any of the third party software to encrypt?

>Alternatively, use the Windows CrpytoAPI from your front >end
application to
>encrpyt/decrypt as you access the data, so the database >only ever
stores the
>encrypted value.

Well this is what I want - but this brings up antoher concern. If the
value stored is encrypted - Would this mean I could never search by SSN?

>Personally, I would go with your proposed solution, and >avoid the SSN
as a
>key. For example, if your solution ever goes >international, then
basing
>everything on an SSN will suddenly become an issue. An >artificial key
of
>some sort is a useful solution. But ultimately you have to >decide
based on your requirements.

I agree - I think I am going to push for this - and your point about
international possibilities will be my defense.

Thank you for your help.

Please Reply to the Newsgroups..

*** Sent via Developersdex http://www.developersdex.com ***
Don't just participate in USENET...get rewarded for it!|||Nah it just means you would have to decript the SSN field as part of the
where clause -- probably not that fast as this would lead to indexes being
thrown off but hey --

What I am not quite sure of is why the SSN has to be encrypted in the first
place? Unless somebody is going to have access to the server that should
not I just dont get it -- maybe I am not as cautious as some however

"kimi" <kim@.kimmyXSPAMX.com> wrote in message
news:3ffdbb52$0$70306$75868355@.news.frii.net...
> >but there are a number of third-party products available:
> >http://www.sqlsecurity.com/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=22
> Have you used any of the third party software to encrypt?
>
> >Alternatively, use the Windows CrpytoAPI from your front >end
> application to
> >encrpyt/decrypt as you access the data, so the database >only ever
> stores the
> >encrypted value.
> Well this is what I want - but this brings up antoher concern. If the
> value stored is encrypted - Would this mean I could never search by SSN?
>
> >Personally, I would go with your proposed solution, and >avoid the SSN
> as a
> >key. For example, if your solution ever goes >international, then
> basing
> >everything on an SSN will suddenly become an issue. An >artificial key
> of
> >some sort is a useful solution. But ultimately you have to >decide
> based on your requirements.
> I agree - I think I am going to push for this - and your point about
> international possibilities will be my defense.
> Thank you for your help.
>
> Please Reply to the Newsgroups..
> *** Sent via Developersdex http://www.developersdex.com ***
> Don't just participate in USENET...get rewarded for it!|||because customers are more willing to give you their SSN if they know that
it is secure.

"J00 Moo" <notreallyarealemailaddress@.hotmail.com> wrote in message
news:btkn5l$8fvta$1@.ID-68406.news.uni-berlin.de...
> Nah it just means you would have to decript the SSN field as part of the
> where clause -- probably not that fast as this would lead to indexes being
> thrown off but hey --
> What I am not quite sure of is why the SSN has to be encrypted in the
first
> place? Unless somebody is going to have access to the server that should
> not I just dont get it -- maybe I am not as cautious as some however
> "kimi" <kim@.kimmyXSPAMX.com> wrote in message
> news:3ffdbb52$0$70306$75868355@.news.frii.net...
> > >but there are a number of third-party products available:
> > >http://www.sqlsecurity.com/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=22
> > Have you used any of the third party software to encrypt?
> > >Alternatively, use the Windows CrpytoAPI from your front >end
> > application to
> > >encrpyt/decrypt as you access the data, so the database >only ever
> > stores the
> > >encrypted value.
> > Well this is what I want - but this brings up antoher concern. If the
> > value stored is encrypted - Would this mean I could never search by SSN?
> > >Personally, I would go with your proposed solution, and >avoid the SSN
> > as a
> > >key. For example, if your solution ever goes >international, then
> > basing
> > >everything on an SSN will suddenly become an issue. An >artificial key
> > of
> > >some sort is a useful solution. But ultimately you have to >decide
> > based on your requirements.
> > I agree - I think I am going to push for this - and your point about
> > international possibilities will be my defense.
> > Thank you for your help.
> > Please Reply to the Newsgroups..
> > *** Sent via Developersdex http://www.developersdex.com ***
> > Don't just participate in USENET...get rewarded for it!|||kimi (kim@.kimmyXSPAMX.com) writes:
> Well this is what I want - but this brings up antoher concern. If the
> value stored is encrypted - Would this mean I could never search by SSN?

Searching for a single value should not be much of a problem. You encrypt
the input and then look up the encrypted value. Of course, you must use
an encryption method which always gives the same encrypted value for the
same input.

Search for a range, like all SSN that start on 500 would be more
problematic.

Going back to your original post:
>What would be the pros and cons of using the SSN as a unique identifier?

The pro would be that you would get a tap on your shoulder by Joe Celko.

But as noted by others, SSN is a typical example of something that looks
like a natural key, but when you look closer to it, does not live up to
the strict requirements for a primary key in a relational database. A
fact which is true many natural look-a-like keys.

--
Erland Sommarskog, SQL Server MVP, sommar@.algonet.se

Books Online for SQL Server SP3 at
http://www.microsoft.com/sql/techin.../2000/books.asp|||>But as noted by others, SSN is a typical example of >something that
looks like a natural key, but when you look >closer to it, does not live
up to the strict requirements >for a primary key in a relational
database. A
>fact which is true many natural look-a-like keys.

Would you consider a phone number to be a good choice for a primary key?

As I understand the data that is to be stored right now.
The only options I have are ssn, phone number, or identity column.

I am so leaning toward the identity.
Thank you for your replies

Please Reply to the Newsgroups..

*** Sent via Developersdex http://www.developersdex.com ***
Don't just participate in USENET...get rewarded for it!|||Upon further ingestion of coffee I realize that a phone number as a
primary key would be a BAD Move...

I am sticking with the identity column - i see it as my only option
right now.

*** Sent via Developersdex http://www.developersdex.com ***
Don't just participate in USENET...get rewarded for it!|||"kimi" <kim@.kimmyXSPAMX.com> wrote in message
news:3ffebf76$0$70303$75868355@.news.frii.net...
> Upon further ingestion of coffee I realize that a phone number as a
> primary key would be a BAD Move...
> I am sticking with the identity column - i see it as my only option
> right now.
>
>
> *** Sent via Developersdex http://www.developersdex.com ***
> Don't just participate in USENET...get rewarded for it!

The identity column is probably the best approach. The fundamental issue as
I see it is that there is no such thing as a natural key for human beings,
or at least no key that is practical in relational database terms. In some
specific contexts, it might be possible to use something like an email
address, but even then a surrogate key might be required purely for
performance.

You could try to make a composite key out of numerous fields (names, phone
numbers, addresses etc), but it would be completely impractical, even if you
could be sure that everyone in your database will always have an email
address and a phone. I suppose you might theoretically be able to produce a
unique hash value from someone's DNA, but even if it could be made small
enough to work in a practical implementation, you'd still have a problem
when you get your first set of identical twin customers/employees/whatever.

SSNs, passport numbers, employee IDs etc. are essentially artificial keys at
the end of the day, so there's no reason to be reluctant to use one
yourself, at least in my view.

Simon|||>> The only options I have are ssn, phone number, or identity column.
<<

Go down the list and ask yourself which of the three can be verified
in the reality you are modeling. I can call someone and ask for his
phone number. I can call the government and verify his SSN. IDENTITY
by definition is never a key -- just put the same data into the table
1000 times on a table that uses such a pseudo-key and trash your data
integrity.

What is the nature of the application? Do you require the phone
number or can someone qualify for membership in the set without one?
Probably. Do you require the SSN or can someone qualify for membership
without one? Probably not. If I hire a foreign national, I have to
get a tax number for him in a business environment. So you allow
sloppy SSNs only if you want to go to jail under INS, IRS and Homeland
Security laws. You not only have to have it on file as a matter of
law, you have to verify it as a matter of law.

The bad news is that simple verification is a pain with SSN. Buy a
package or find some freeware to save yourself the pain.|||Joe,

> I can call someone and ask for his phone number.

And don't forget to ask "Is this the party to whom I am speaking?"

Linda

Encrypted Connection

Hi all,
If this is not the correct groups to post this, please redirect me.
I have a .NET application and SQL Server 2005 Express running on a Windows
Server 2003 Web Edition. Both connect to a remote SQL Server 2000 database
running on Windows 2000.
SQL Server Express 2005 has the 2000 server set up as a linked server.
What are my options for encrypting the connections to the SQL Server 2000?
For the .NET app, I assume that I can use multiprotocol. Correct? Other
suggestions?
What about the SQL Server 2005 linked server to 2000?
TIA
AG
Email: discuss at adhdata dot com
SQL Server supports SSL encryption for connections. See the following
articles:
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/276553
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189067.aspx
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms191192.aspx
Regards,
Plamen Ratchev
http://www.SQLStudio.com
"AG" <NOSPAMa-giam@.newsgroups.nospam> wrote in message
news:%23JeihNoKHHA.960@.TK2MSFTNGP04.phx.gbl...
> Hi all,
> If this is not the correct groups to post this, please redirect me.
> I have a .NET application and SQL Server 2005 Express running on a Windows
> Server 2003 Web Edition. Both connect to a remote SQL Server 2000 database
> running on Windows 2000.
> SQL Server Express 2005 has the 2000 server set up as a linked server.
> What are my options for encrypting the connections to the SQL Server 2000?
> For the .NET app, I assume that I can use multiprotocol. Correct? Other
> suggestions?
> What about the SQL Server 2005 linked server to 2000?
> TIA
> --
> AG
> Email: discuss at adhdata dot com
>
>
|||Thanks for the quick response Plamen,
That all requires a SSL cert, which the 2000 server does not have.
Is there some way to use multiprotocol with the linked server?
The current setup is using a VPN, but we are moving to a new server and
there may be a problem setting up a VPN.
AG
Email: discuss at adhdata dot com
"Plamen Ratchev" <Plamen@.SQLStudio.com> wrote in message
news:Oyn6mApKHHA.4992@.TK2MSFTNGP04.phx.gbl...
> SQL Server supports SSL encryption for connections. See the following
> articles:
> http://support.microsoft.com/kb/276553
> http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189067.aspx
> http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms191192.aspx
> Regards,
> Plamen Ratchev
> http://www.SQLStudio.com
>
> "AG" <NOSPAMa-giam@.newsgroups.nospam> wrote in message
> news:%23JeihNoKHHA.960@.TK2MSFTNGP04.phx.gbl...
>
|||The multiprotocol has been depreciated in SQL Server 2005. See this post for
details (look under the Changes section):
http://blogs.msdn.com/sql_protocols/archive/2005/09/22/473111.aspx
If you do not have a local Certificate Server you can always purchase a
third-party certificate.
Regards,
Plamen Ratchev
http://www.SQLStudio.com
"AG" <NOSPAMa-giam@.newsgroups.nospam> wrote in message
news:%23kAVctpKHHA.4384@.TK2MSFTNGP03.phx.gbl...
> Thanks for the quick response Plamen,
> That all requires a SSL cert, which the 2000 server does not have.
> Is there some way to use multiprotocol with the linked server?
> The current setup is using a VPN, but we are moving to a new server and
> there may be a problem setting up a VPN.
> --
> AG
> Email: discuss at adhdata dot com
>
> "Plamen Ratchev" <Plamen@.SQLStudio.com> wrote in message
> news:Oyn6mApKHHA.4992@.TK2MSFTNGP04.phx.gbl...
>
|||Hello AG,
I agree with Plamen that you could use a third party certificate if
necessary.
Also, you may consider configure IPsec between the servers so that all IP
traffic is protected between them. Pleas esee the following articles for
more details:
TechNet Support WebCast: How to use IPSec to help secure network traffic
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?kbid=888266
IPsec
http://www.microsoft.com/technet/network/ipsec/default.mspx
If you have further comments or feedback, please feel free to let's know.
Thank you.
Best Regards,
Peter Yang
MCSE2000/2003, MCSA, MCDBA
Microsoft Online Community Support
==================================================
Get notification to my posts through email? Please refer to
http://msdn.microsoft.com/subscriptions/managednewsgroups/default.aspx#notif
ications
<http://msdn.microsoft.com/subscriptions/managednewsgroups/default.aspx>.
Note: The MSDN Managed Newsgroup support offering is for non-urgent issues
where an initial response from the community or a Microsoft Support
Engineer within 1 business day is acceptable. Please note that each follow
up response may take approximately 2 business days as the support
professional working with you may need further investigation to reach the
most efficient resolution. The offering is not appropriate for situations
that require urgent, real-time or phone-based interactions or complex
project analysis and dump analysis issues. Issues of this nature are best
handled working with a dedicated Microsoft Support Engineer by contacting
Microsoft Customer Support Services (CSS) at
<http://msdn.microsoft.com/subscriptions/support/default.aspx>.
==================================================
This posting is provided "AS IS" with no warranties, and confers no rights.
|||Thanks Peter,
Sorry, I did not get back to you sooner. I wanted to get the client's
networking person involved and that will happen today.
IPsec looks like it might do the job.
AG
Email: discuss at adhdata dot com
"Peter Yang [MSFT]" <petery@.online.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news:Jj1YdPvKHHA.2304@.TK2MSFTNGHUB02.phx.gbl...
> Hello AG,
> I agree with Plamen that you could use a third party certificate if
> necessary.
> Also, you may consider configure IPsec between the servers so that all IP
> traffic is protected between them. Pleas esee the following articles for
> more details:
> TechNet Support WebCast: How to use IPSec to help secure network traffic
> http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?kbid=888266
> IPsec
> http://www.microsoft.com/technet/network/ipsec/default.mspx
> If you have further comments or feedback, please feel free to let's know.
> Thank you.
> Best Regards,
> Peter Yang
> MCSE2000/2003, MCSA, MCDBA
> Microsoft Online Community Support
> ==================================================
> Get notification to my posts through email? Please refer to
> http://msdn.microsoft.com/subscriptions/managednewsgroups/default.aspx#notif
> ications
> <http://msdn.microsoft.com/subscriptions/managednewsgroups/default.aspx>.
> Note: The MSDN Managed Newsgroup support offering is for non-urgent issues
> where an initial response from the community or a Microsoft Support
> Engineer within 1 business day is acceptable. Please note that each follow
> up response may take approximately 2 business days as the support
> professional working with you may need further investigation to reach the
> most efficient resolution. The offering is not appropriate for situations
> that require urgent, real-time or phone-based interactions or complex
> project analysis and dump analysis issues. Issues of this nature are best
> handled working with a dedicated Microsoft Support Engineer by contacting
> Microsoft Customer Support Services (CSS) at
> <http://msdn.microsoft.com/subscriptions/support/default.aspx>.
> ==================================================
> This posting is provided "AS IS" with no warranties, and confers no
> rights.
>

Encrypted Connection

Hi all,
If this is not the correct groups to post this, please redirect me.
I have a .NET application and SQL Server 2005 Express running on a Windows
Server 2003 Web Edition. Both connect to a remote SQL Server 2000 database
running on Windows 2000.
SQL Server Express 2005 has the 2000 server set up as a linked server.
What are my options for encrypting the connections to the SQL Server 2000?
For the .NET app, I assume that I can use multiprotocol. Correct? Other
suggestions?
What about the SQL Server 2005 linked server to 2000?
TIA
AG
Email: discuss at adhdata dot comSQL Server supports SSL encryption for connections. See the following
articles:
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/276553
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189067.aspx
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms191192.aspx
Regards,
Plamen Ratchev
http://www.SQLStudio.com
"AG" <NOSPAMa-giam@.newsgroups.nospam> wrote in message
news:%23JeihNoKHHA.960@.TK2MSFTNGP04.phx.gbl...
> Hi all,
> If this is not the correct groups to post this, please redirect me.
> I have a .NET application and SQL Server 2005 Express running on a Windows
> Server 2003 Web Edition. Both connect to a remote SQL Server 2000 database
> running on Windows 2000.
> SQL Server Express 2005 has the 2000 server set up as a linked server.
> What are my options for encrypting the connections to the SQL Server 2000?
> For the .NET app, I assume that I can use multiprotocol. Correct? Other
> suggestions?
> What about the SQL Server 2005 linked server to 2000?
> TIA
> --
> AG
> Email: discuss at adhdata dot com
>
>|||Thanks for the quick response Plamen,
That all requires a SSL cert, which the 2000 server does not have.
Is there some way to use multiprotocol with the linked server?
The current setup is using a VPN, but we are moving to a new server and
there may be a problem setting up a VPN.
AG
Email: discuss at adhdata dot com
"Plamen Ratchev" <Plamen@.SQLStudio.com> wrote in message
news:Oyn6mApKHHA.4992@.TK2MSFTNGP04.phx.gbl...
> SQL Server supports SSL encryption for connections. See the following
> articles:
> http://support.microsoft.com/kb/276553
> http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189067.aspx
> http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms191192.aspx
> Regards,
> Plamen Ratchev
> http://www.SQLStudio.com
>
> "AG" <NOSPAMa-giam@.newsgroups.nospam> wrote in message
> news:%23JeihNoKHHA.960@.TK2MSFTNGP04.phx.gbl...
>|||The multiprotocol has been depreciated in SQL Server 2005. See this post for
details (look under the Changes section):
http://blogs.msdn.com/sql_protocols.../22/473111.aspx
If you do not have a local Certificate Server you can always purchase a
third-party certificate.
Regards,
Plamen Ratchev
http://www.SQLStudio.com
"AG" <NOSPAMa-giam@.newsgroups.nospam> wrote in message
news:%23kAVctpKHHA.4384@.TK2MSFTNGP03.phx.gbl...
> Thanks for the quick response Plamen,
> That all requires a SSL cert, which the 2000 server does not have.
> Is there some way to use multiprotocol with the linked server?
> The current setup is using a VPN, but we are moving to a new server and
> there may be a problem setting up a VPN.
> --
> AG
> Email: discuss at adhdata dot com
>
> "Plamen Ratchev" <Plamen@.SQLStudio.com> wrote in message
> news:Oyn6mApKHHA.4992@.TK2MSFTNGP04.phx.gbl...
>|||Hello AG,
I agree with Plamen that you could use a third party certificate if
necessary.
Also, you may consider configure IPsec between the servers so that all IP
traffic is protected between them. Pleas esee the following articles for
more details:
TechNet Support WebCast: How to use IPSec to help secure network traffic
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?kbid=888266
IPsec
http://www.microsoft.com/technet/ne...ec/default.mspx
If you have further comments or feedback, please feel free to let's know.
Thank you.
Best Regards,
Peter Yang
MCSE2000/2003, MCSA, MCDBA
Microsoft Online Community Support
========================================
==========
Get notification to my posts through email? Please refer to
http://msdn.microsoft.com/subscript...ault.aspx#notif
ications
<http://msdn.microsoft.com/subscript...ps/default.aspx>.
Note: The MSDN Managed Newsgroup support offering is for non-urgent issues
where an initial response from the community or a Microsoft Support
Engineer within 1 business day is acceptable. Please note that each follow
up response may take approximately 2 business days as the support
professional working with you may need further investigation to reach the
most efficient resolution. The offering is not appropriate for situations
that require urgent, real-time or phone-based interactions or complex
project analysis and dump analysis issues. Issues of this nature are best
handled working with a dedicated Microsoft Support Engineer by contacting
Microsoft Customer Support Services (CSS) at
<http://msdn.microsoft.com/subscript...rt/default.aspx>.
========================================
==========
This posting is provided "AS IS" with no warranties, and confers no rights.|||Thanks Peter,
Sorry, I did not get back to you sooner. I wanted to get the client's
networking person involved and that will happen today.
IPsec looks like it might do the job.
AG
Email: discuss at adhdata dot com
"Peter Yang [MSFT]" <petery@.online.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news:Jj1YdPvKHHA.2304@.TK2MSFTNGHUB02.phx.gbl...
> Hello AG,
> I agree with Plamen that you could use a third party certificate if
> necessary.
> Also, you may consider configure IPsec between the servers so that all IP
> traffic is protected between them. Pleas esee the following articles for
> more details:
> technet Support WebCast: How to use IPSec to help secure network traffic
> http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?kbid=888266
> IPsec
> http://www.microsoft.com/technet/ne...ec/default.mspx
> If you have further comments or feedback, please feel free to let's know.
> Thank you.
> Best Regards,
> Peter Yang
> MCSE2000/2003, MCSA, MCDBA
> Microsoft Online Community Support
> ========================================
==========
> Get notification to my posts through email? Please refer to
> l]
> ications
> <[url]http://msdn.microsoft.com/subscriptions/managednewsgroups/default.aspx" target="_blank">http://msdn.microsoft.com/subscript...ps/default.aspx>.
> Note: The MSDN Managed Newsgroup support offering is for non-urgent issues
> where an initial response from the community or a Microsoft Support
> Engineer within 1 business day is acceptable. Please note that each follow
> up response may take approximately 2 business days as the support
> professional working with you may need further investigation to reach the
> most efficient resolution. The offering is not appropriate for situations
> that require urgent, real-time or phone-based interactions or complex
> project analysis and dump analysis issues. Issues of this nature are best
> handled working with a dedicated Microsoft Support Engineer by contacting
> Microsoft Customer Support Services (CSS) at
> <http://msdn.microsoft.com/subscript...rt/default.aspx>.
> ========================================
==========
> This posting is provided "AS IS" with no warranties, and confers no
> rights.
>

Encrypted Connection

Hi all,
If this is not the correct groups to post this, please redirect me.
I have a .NET application and SQL Server 2005 Express running on a Windows
Server 2003 Web Edition. Both connect to a remote SQL Server 2000 database
running on Windows 2000.
SQL Server Express 2005 has the 2000 server set up as a linked server.
What are my options for encrypting the connections to the SQL Server 2000?
For the .NET app, I assume that I can use multiprotocol. Correct? Other
suggestions?
What about the SQL Server 2005 linked server to 2000?
TIA
AG
Email: discuss at adhdata dot comSQL Server supports SSL encryption for connections. See the following
articles:
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/276553
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189067.aspx
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms191192.aspx
Regards,
Plamen Ratchev
http://www.SQLStudio.com
"AG" <NOSPAMa-giam@.newsgroups.nospam> wrote in message
news:%23JeihNoKHHA.960@.TK2MSFTNGP04.phx.gbl...
> Hi all,
> If this is not the correct groups to post this, please redirect me.
> I have a .NET application and SQL Server 2005 Express running on a Windows
> Server 2003 Web Edition. Both connect to a remote SQL Server 2000 database
> running on Windows 2000.
> SQL Server Express 2005 has the 2000 server set up as a linked server.
> What are my options for encrypting the connections to the SQL Server 2000?
> For the .NET app, I assume that I can use multiprotocol. Correct? Other
> suggestions?
> What about the SQL Server 2005 linked server to 2000?
> TIA
> --
> AG
> Email: discuss at adhdata dot com
>
>|||Thanks for the quick response Plamen,
That all requires a SSL cert, which the 2000 server does not have.
Is there some way to use multiprotocol with the linked server?
The current setup is using a VPN, but we are moving to a new server and
there may be a problem setting up a VPN.
AG
Email: discuss at adhdata dot com
"Plamen Ratchev" <Plamen@.SQLStudio.com> wrote in message
news:Oyn6mApKHHA.4992@.TK2MSFTNGP04.phx.gbl...
> SQL Server supports SSL encryption for connections. See the following
> articles:
> http://support.microsoft.com/kb/276553
> http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189067.aspx
> http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms191192.aspx
> Regards,
> Plamen Ratchev
> http://www.SQLStudio.com
>
> "AG" <NOSPAMa-giam@.newsgroups.nospam> wrote in message
> news:%23JeihNoKHHA.960@.TK2MSFTNGP04.phx.gbl...
>|||The multiprotocol has been depreciated in SQL Server 2005. See this post for
details (look under the Changes section):
http://blogs.msdn.com/sql_protocols.../22/473111.aspx
If you do not have a local Certificate Server you can always purchase a
third-party certificate.
Regards,
Plamen Ratchev
http://www.SQLStudio.com
"AG" <NOSPAMa-giam@.newsgroups.nospam> wrote in message
news:%23kAVctpKHHA.4384@.TK2MSFTNGP03.phx.gbl...
> Thanks for the quick response Plamen,
> That all requires a SSL cert, which the 2000 server does not have.
> Is there some way to use multiprotocol with the linked server?
> The current setup is using a VPN, but we are moving to a new server and
> there may be a problem setting up a VPN.
> --
> AG
> Email: discuss at adhdata dot com
>
> "Plamen Ratchev" <Plamen@.SQLStudio.com> wrote in message
> news:Oyn6mApKHHA.4992@.TK2MSFTNGP04.phx.gbl...
>

Enabling Full-Text search for SQL 2000 Personal Edition

I am having trouble Enabling Full-Text search for SQL 2000 Personal Edition.
I have installed the Microsoft Search service and it is running. When I look
in enterprise manager the Full-Text Search option does not appear in the
Support Services folder. How can I accomplish this?
SQL FTS is not installed by default on the personal edition of SQL Server
You will need to re-run setup to install this component.
Hilary Cotter
Looking for a SQL Server replication book?
http://www.nwsu.com/0974973602.html
Looking for a FAQ on Indexing Services/SQL FTS
http://www.indexserverfaq.com
"David O. Thomas" <David O. Thomas@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in
message news:7DFCF7F9-8AD8-4635-83DB-29AB6F0B9241@.microsoft.com...
> I am having trouble Enabling Full-Text search for SQL 2000 Personal
Edition.
> I have installed the Microsoft Search service and it is running. When I
look
> in enterprise manager the Full-Text Search option does not appear in the
> Support Services folder. How can I accomplish this?

Enable SSL

I have read the MSDN articles about setting up SSL on the SQL server. I am
running Microsoft Certificate services on my network as well. The article t
alks about the following
Enter the fully qualified domain name of your computer in the Name: text box
. Ping your computer to get the fully qualified domain name if you are not s
ure what it is.
In the Intended Purpose section, change the selection to Server Authenticati
on Certificate by using the drop-down list box from the Client Authenticatio
n Certificate.
I cannot seem to find these options anywhere...How do I change the FQDN if I
have no name field...I don't even have an intended purpose dropdown list.
I can issue a computer certificate from the MMC on the SQL Server but it doe
s not use the FQDN of the c
luster I am trying to setup. How can I get this to work if I cannot see the
options that these articles are telling me? I am logging in with Domain Ad
min rights as well.
Ignore my last post...I forgot my email address...That article is if you make a http request to a Standalone Certificate
Cerver.
If you have a standalone CA you have to use http request to request the
cert. Follow this article:
276553 HOW TO: Enable SSL Encryption for SQL Server 2000 with Certificate
Server
http://support.microsoft.com/?id=276553
If you installed the Enterprise CA as part of Active Directory, then you
can use MMC. Follow this article.
316898 HOW TO: Enable SSL Encryption for SQL Server 2000 with Microsoft
http://support.microsoft.com/?id=316898
Thanks,
Kevin McDonnell
Microsoft Corporation
This posting is provided AS IS with no warranties, and confers no rights.

Enable SQL Server 2005 Remote Connections in Windows 2000

Hi,
I setup SQL Server 2005 on a Windows 2000 Professional machine. The
MSSQLSERVER service seems to be running fine in the beginning but does
not restart if I enable connections via TCP/IP.
I have this problem only on a Windows 2000 machine and it works fine if
I setup SQL Server 2005 on a Windows XP machine.
- ramadu
:
> Thanks for your response Sri,
> Hope that will help you resolve the problem. If you meet any further
> problem, please feel free to post here.
> Regards,
> Steven Cheng
> Microsoft MSDN Online Support Lead
>
> ========================================
==========
> When responding to posts, please "Reply to Group" via your newsreader so
> that others may learn and benefit from your issue.
> ========================================
==========
>
> This posting is provided "AS IS" with no warranties, and confers no rights
.
>
> Get Secure! www.microsoft.com/security
> (This posting is provided "AS IS", with no warranties, and confers no
> rights.)
>Hi Ramadu,
Thank you for your post.
Since Steven is Out of Office, I will take response of this issue.
Would you please provide some detailed information for me to troubleshoting?
1. Please let me know if there is any error in Event log when you start SQL
Server.
2. Please let me know if there is any error message in the SQL error log.
By default, the error log is located at Program Files\Microsoft SQL
Server\MSSQL.n\MSSQL\LOG\ERRORLOG
Please let me know the result and so that I can provide further assistance.
Sincerely,
Wei Lu
Microsoft Online Community Support
========================================
==========
When responding to posts, please "Reply to Group" via your newsreader so
that others may learn and benefit from your issue.
========================================
==========
This posting is provided "AS IS" with no warranties, and confers no rights.